Particulates and Colloids

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What are Particulates and Colloids?

Particulates are suspended solid particles present in water. These may include sand, silt, rust, pipe debris, resin fines, scale particles and other suspended matter. Colloids are extremely fine particles that remain suspended in water and may not settle easily.

Although particles may not always dissolve in water, they can still affect instruments, filters, membranes and laboratory processes.

Where do Inorganic Ions come from?

Particulates and colloids may come from:

  • Municipal pipelines
  • Borewell water
  • Rusted pipes
  • Storage tanks
  • Pretreatment media
  • RO membrane fouling
  • Ion exchange resin fines
  • Biofilm fragments
  • Distribution loop contamination
  • Poorly maintained filters
  • Construction or plumbing work


Particles may also enter the system during cartridge replacement or maintenance if proper handling is not followed.

How do Particulates and Colloids affect laboratory water?

Particles can block filters, foul RO membranes, affect flow rates and damage valves or pumps. In the laboratory, particulate contamination can affect sample preparation, analytical instruments and sensitive applications.

Particulate contamination can cause:

  • Filter blockage
  • RO membrane fouling
  • Increased pressure drop
  • Reduced flow rate
  • Particle contamination in samples
  • Instrument inlet blockage
  • Poor reproducibility
  • Maintenance issues
  • Final filter clogging


In high-performance analytical work, even fine particles can become problematic.

How are Particulates and Colloids controlled?

Particulates and colloids are controlled using:

  • Sediment filtration
  • Depth filtration
  • Reverse osmosis
  • Ultrafiltration
  • Microfiltration
  • Final point-of-use filters
  • Proper tank and loop design
  • Regular filter replacement
  • Flushing after maintenance


Particle control should be considered from the feed water stage up to the final dispensing point.

Applications affected

Particulates and colloids may affect:

  • HPLC and UHPLC
  • LC-MS/MS
  • ICP-MS
  • ICP-OES
  • Reagent preparation
  • Cell culture
  • Clinical analyzers
  • General laboratory water use
  • Instrument feed water

TKA Ultrapure Water Technologies India Pvt. Ltd.
Unit 311, Globe Business Park,
Kalyan – Badlapur Road, Laxmi Nagar, Ambarnath (W) 421501
Thane, Maharashtra, India
Phone: +91-9987174888 / +91-9867964888
Email: info@tkaindia.com

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TKA Ultrapure Water Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian company focused on the design, manufacture and support of laboratory water purification systems… Read More

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